GRECO+Elisa

**May 22, 2011. I have made some corrections to your translations, which are generally well done. If you want to improve, you should pay attention to the rule of the "future in the past" and to the "duration form" (explained in the translations below) It is clear that you have an ear for English. ** **-- Molly Rogers**

 Liars are born**, not made **. According to the results of two studies **which **recently appeared on //**in **Psychological Science //, kids as young as three years are capable of concealing their disappointment in front of an unpleasant gift and politely thank with a smile on their face.  Lies are told in order to be accepted and to gain success. But also **in order **not to displease: the so-called lies with the best intentions **[also called “white lies”] **. Telling lies is a socially productive behaviour, as it allows **us ** to maintain good relationships with everybody, thus occupying the best positions in the social ladder. It is no accident that kids who conceal their emotions best were found to be born to parents who are as **much ** “controlled”, diplomatic and successful as them. Californian psychologist Paul Ekman, a connoisseur in matter of lies (he’s been studying them for 40 years!), claims that the human ability of sensing a lie reaches a bare 53%. Neither **Not even **those who should be best equipped, in theory at least ( the researcher had assumed that criminals, spies and specialized agents would have been the best) perform any better. Analysing 14,000 individuals, Ekman found out only 29 lie detectors, real magicians at detecting whether the speaker is telling the truth or not. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> These are mostly very attentive people who can carefully decode micro- <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">evidences **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">evidence **which ordinary people do not pay attention to. Skilled liars have a lower tone of voice, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">abundantly pause **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">for a long time **between one sentence and the next, stare at the person they are talking to and hardly ever contradict themselves. The more they lie, the more they <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">look **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">seem **sincere. Besides, women appear to have a slight tendency to single out storytellers more efficiently than males, perhaps thanks to their innate ability of grasping the signals of non-verbal communication. (2) Laura Dekker <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">* ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(3) Selling cigarettes to minors ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> A mother filed a suit against a tobacconist for having sold some cigarettes to her 12 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">years **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">year [it’s an adjective here] **old son. It happened in December, before **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">the **Christmas holidays. The woman had become suspicious of the boy’s behaviour, as he was eating less than usual and was not sleeping well. The mother had also noticed a funny smell of smoke in the toilet. Like many mothers, she was worried for her son and, obviously, she did not want him to smoke. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> In the morning, hidden from her son’s view, she followed the lad from the doorsteps to the school area. Before entering school, the student went to the tobacconist’**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s **. He did not think that his mother would <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">have ever suspected **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ever suspect [future in the past] **him of smoking. As he came out of the tobacconist’**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s **, though, he found <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">her **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">his [the possessive agrees with the gender of the possessor, not of the possessed] **mother waiting for him. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The lady grabbed the pack of cigarettes and stepped into the shop, telling to the tobacconist that he could not sell cigarettes to such young boys. In fact, selling cigarettes to youth**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">s ** who are not yet 14 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">is **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">has been [duration form] **illegal since 1934 in Italy. The man replied that there were many boys entering his shop every morning, and that he could not check everybody’s documents. The mother, enraged by the tobacconist’s attitude, reached the police station where she exposed the events, also producing the packet of cigarettes, yet untouched. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The policemen went to hear the tobacconist’s version and he said: “ Who says that the packet was bought here at my place?” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> The images shot by the surveillance camera, though, trapped the shopkeeper, confirming the woman’s version. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">4) Your photo on social networks ** <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> Your profile picture on social networks is a powerful weapon to intrigue others, especially when one finds himself on a dating website. OkCupid is among the most popular <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">website **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">websites **of this kind, and it has been active for years in the field. A group of experts, through an analysis of the pictures published on OkCupid, looked for a correlation between some features of the pictures and the average rate of received contacts, thus singling out some basic trends. At this point, they are able to predict which pictures <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">do “<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">function **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">work **” best. These scientists have then revealed the four rules you should comply with if you want others to chose you as a contact. .
 * The Juvenile Court in **** Utrecht **** stopped the plan made by thirteen-years year **** -old Dutch girl **** Laura Dekker to leave on a tour trip **** around the world this September. Laura intends to become the youngest sailor sailing to sail **** around the world by herself. The Court opened an enquiry in order to assess the impact that such an experience could exert on the girl’s physical and psychical conditions. **
 * Last July, Laura’s father had applied for an authorisation to exempt her from compulsory school attendance. He did not believe that the school would have turned turn [“future in the past” a past conditional in Italian – avrebbe fatto – corresponds to a “would + infinitive” in English “would do” after certain verbs such as think, know, believe, promise, say, declare, etc. in the past, expressing a situation that would be future with respect to that past thought, knowledge, belief, etc.] **** down his application, but he was wrong. The law is very much **** clear: he who doesn’t send his children to school is to be prosecuted by the law. Should Laura not show up this September, the authorities will take steps. **
 * Laura was born on her parents’ sailing boat while they were sailing off **** New Zealand **** ’s shores. She is has been [“duration form” English uses the present perfect to talk about situations that begin in the past and continue in the present, especially with for/since] **** a good sailor since her early childhood. “She sails like a professional” her father says. “I have no fears for her trip around the world. She knows what she is doing. Last May, Laura had been already withheld already been stopped **** by the dock authorities in the **** United Kingdom **** . They did not want her to sail back on her sailing boat “Guppy” on her own. They wanted her to be accompanied by a responsible adult. Her father, Dick, an expert sailor who had himself sailed the Northern See on his own at twelve, only got there in order to give his assent to her his **** daughter’s trip. **
 * Laura is in a hurry. “I am not the only one thinking about the record. There is a lot of competition, and I must hurry” says Laura. “I will not stay 13 forever.” **
 * 1) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Do not smile. According to OkCupid data, people get many more contacts when they catch somebody’s eye through a deep, seductive glance.
 * 2) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Informal pictures, as those taken through the webcam, <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">make the job **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">work **because they convey spontaneity.
 * 3) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">A 18 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">years **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">year **old boy with a naked chest gets more contacts than his peers who <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">do **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">does **not like to half- reveal body parts, but when it comes to men approaching their thirties this induces a certain decline in the number of contacts. Experts had assumed that these results would have <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">evidenced **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">shown **the same trend among women. In fact, the analysis of OkCupid proves that a view of one’s low neckline in the picture makes woman earn a 50% **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">more **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">of contacts <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: line-through; vertical-align: baseline;">more . Nonetheless, contrary to what happens with males, their success does not decrease with age.
 * 4) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Always show your face in the picture. Nobody wants to meet people they’ve never seen in the face. **<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: serif; font-size: 16px; text-align: start; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">(Nobody will want to meet you if they have never seen your face) **

**1. Liars are born, not made.** Liars are born. According to the results of two studies recently appeared on //Psychological Science//, kids as young as three years are capable of concealing their disappointment in front of an unpleasant gift and politely thank with a smile on their face. Lies are told in order to be accepted and to gain success. But also not to displease: the so-called lies with the best intentions. Telling lies is a socially productive behaviour, as it allows to maintain good relationships with everybody, thus occupying the best positions in the social ladder. It is no accident that kids who conceal their emotions best were found to be born to parents who are as much “controlled”, diplomatic and successful as them. Californian psychologist Paul Ekman, a connoisseur in matter of lies (he’s been studying them for 40 years!), claims that the human ability of sensing a lie reaches a bare 53%. Neither those who should be best equipped, in theory at least ( the researcher had assumed that criminals, spies and specialized agents would have been the best) perform any better. Analysing 14,000 individuals, Ekman found out only 29 lie detectors, real magicians at detecting whether the speaker is telling the truth or not. These are mostly very attentive people who can carefully decode micro- evidences which ordinary people do not pay attention to. Skilled liars have a lower tone of voice, abundantly pause between one sentence and the next, stare at the person they are talking to and hardly ever contradict themselves. The more they lie, the more they look sincere. Besides, women appear to have a slight tendency to single out storytellers more efficiently than males, perhaps thanks to their innate ability of grasping the signals of non-verbal communication. (2) Laura Dekker
 * The Juvenile Court in Utrecht stopped the plan made by thirteen-years-old Dutch Laura Dekker to leave on a tour around the world this September. Laura intends to become the youngest sailor sailing around the world by herself. The Court opened an enquiry in order to assess the impact that such an experience could exert on the girl’s physical and psychical conditions.**
 * Last July, Laura’s father had applied for an authorisation to exempt her from compulsory school attendance. He did not believe that the school would have turned down his application, but he was wrong. The law is very much clear: he who doesn’t send his children to school is to be prosecuted by the law. Should Laura not show up this September, the authorities will take steps.**
 * Laura was born on her parents’ sailing boat while they were sailing off New Zealand’s shores. She is a good sailor since her early childhood. “She sails like a professional” her father says. “I have no fears for her trip around the world. She knows what she is doing. Last May, Laura had been already withheld by the dock authorities in the United Kingdom. They did not want her to sail back on her sailing boat “Guppy” on her own. They wanted her to be accompanied by a responsible adult. Her father, Dick, an expert sailor who had himself sailed the Northern See on his own at twelve, only got there in order to give his assent to her daughter’s trip.**
 * Laura is in a hurry. “I am not the only one thinking about the record. There is a lot of competition, and I must hurry” says Laura. “I will not stay 13 forever.”**

A mother filed a suit against a tobacconist for having sold some cigarettes to her 12 years old son. It happened in December, before Christmas holidays. The woman had become suspicious of the boy’s behaviour, as he was eating less than usual and was not sleeping well. The mother had also noticed a funny smell of smoke in the toilet. Like many mothers, she was worried for her son and, obviously, she did not want him to smoke. In the morning, hidden from her son’s view, she followed the lad from the doorsteps to the school area. Before entering school, the student went to the tobacconist’. He did not think that his mother would have ever suspected him of smoking. As he came out of the tobacconist’, though, he found her mother waiting for him. The lady grabbed the pack of cigarettes and stepped into the shop, telling to the tobacconist that he could not sell cigarettes to such young boys. In fact, selling cigarettes to youth who are not yet 14 is illegal since 1934 in Italy. The man replied that there were many boys entering his shop every morning, and that he could not check everybody’s documents. The mother, enraged by the tobacconist’s attitude, reached the police station where she exposed the events, also producing the packet of cigarettes, yet untouched. The policemen went to hear the tobacconist’s version and he said: “ Who says that the packet was bought here at my place?” The images shot by the surveillance camera, though, trapped the shopkeeper, confirming the woman’s version.
 * (3) Selling cigarettes to minors**


 * 4) Your photo on social networks**

Your profile picture on social networks is a powerful weapon to intrigue others, especially when one finds himself on a dating website. OkCupid is among the most popular website of this kind, and it has been active for years in the field. A group of experts, through an analysis of the pictures published on OkCupid, looked for a correlation between some features of the pictures and the average rate of received contacts, thus singling out some basic trends. At this point, they are able to predict which pictures do “function” best. These scientists have then revealed the four rules you should comply with if you want others to chose you as a contact.
 * 1) Do not smile. According to OkCupid data, people get many more contacts when they catch somebody’s eye through a deep, seductive glance.
 * 2) Informal pictures, as those taken through the webcam, make the job because they convey spontaneity.
 * 3) A 18 years old boy with a naked chest gets more contacts than his peers who do not like to half- reveal body parts, but when it comes to men approaching their thirties this induces a certain decline in the number of contacts. Experts had assumed that these results would have evidenced the same trend among women. In fact, the analysis of OkCupid proves that a view of one’s low neckline in the picture makes woman earn a 50% of contacts more. Nonetheless, contrary to what happens with males, their success does not decrease with age.
 * 4) Always show your face in the picture. Nobody wants to meet people they’ve never seen in the face.

<span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 409px; width: 1px;"> (2) Laura Dekker <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 409px; width: 1px;"> ** The Juvenile Court in **** Utrecht **** stopped the plan made by thirteen-years year**** -old Dutch girl**** Laura Dekker to leave on a tour trip** ** around the world this September. Laura intends to become the youngest sailor sailing to sail** ** around the world by herself. The Court opened an enquiry in order to assess the impact that such an experience could exert on the girl’s physical and psychical conditions. ** <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 409px; width: 1px;"> ** Last July, Laura’s father had applied for an authorisation to exempt her from compulsory school attendance. He did not believe that the school would have turned turn [“future in the past” a past conditional in Italian – avrebbe fatto – corresponds to a “would + infinitive” in English “would do” after certain verbs such as think, know, believe, promise, say, declare, etc. in the past, expressing a situation that would be future with respect to that past thought, knowledge, belief, etc.]** ** down his application, but he was wrong. The law is very much**** clear: he who doesn’t send his children to school is to be prosecuted by the law. Should Laura not show up this September, the authorities will take steps. ** <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 409px; width: 1px;"> ** Laura was born on her parents’ sailing boat while they were sailing off **** New Zealand **** ’s shores. She is has been [“duration form” English uses the present perfect to talk about situations that begin in the past and continue in the present, especially with for/since]** ** a good sailor since her early childhood. “She sails like a professional” her father says. “I have no fears for her trip around the world. She knows what she is doing. Last May, Laura had been already withheld already been stopped** ** by the dock authorities in the **** United Kingdom ****. They did not want her to sail back on her sailing boat “Guppy” on her own. They wanted her to be accompanied by a responsible adult. Her father, Dick, an expert sailor who had himself sailed the Northern See on his own at twelve, only got there in order to give his assent to her his** ** daughter’s trip. ** <span style="display: block; height: 1px; left: -10000px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; top: 409px; width: 1px;"> ** Laura is in a hurry. “I am not the only one thinking about the record. There is a lot of competition, and I must hurry” says Laura. “I will not stay 13 forever.” **